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A Guide to Psychological Questionnaires (Scales) Organized by Research Fields

In contemporary psychology, common subfields include Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Social Psychology, Personality Psychology, Biological/Physiological Psychology, Health Psychology, Educational Psychology, Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Sport Psychology, and Clinical/Counseling Psychology, among others. Each domain focuses on specific themes, leading to various specialized tests or scales. Below, we sort frequently used measures according to these domains, noting that many may cross boundaries or serve multiple purposes.

Cognitive Psychology

Focus: Information processing, memory, attention, language, reasoning, and problem-solving.

Intelligence Tests

• Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS): Assesses verbal comprehension, working memory, perceptual reasoning, and processing speed.
• Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices: Measures fluid intelligence, considered relatively culture-fair.

Memory and Working Memory Assessments

• Digit Span: Evaluates short-term recall capacity of numeric sequences.
• N-Back Tasks (combined with behavioral records + self-report): Tests working memory and updating ability.

Attention and Executive Function Tests

• Stroop Color-Word Interference Test: Examines selective attention and cognitive control.
• Trail Making Test: Measures task-switching abilities and executive functioning.

Use cases: Laboratory experiments on cognition, individual assessments of cognitive ability, clinical screening for cognitive deficits.

Developmental Psychology

Focus: How people change and develop across the lifespan, from infancy through old age.

Infant and Child Development

• Bayley Scales of Infant Development: Comprehensive assessment of cognitive, language, and motor development in infants and toddlers.
• Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ): Parent-completed screening tools for developmental milestones.

Adolescent and Adult Development

• Identity Development Scales: Measure identity formation and exploration during adolescence.
• Generativity Scales: Assess concerns about contributing to future generations in midlife adults.

Cognitive Aging

• Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): Screens for cognitive impairment in older adults.
• Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): Detects mild cognitive impairment and early dementia.

Use cases: Early intervention programs, educational planning, aging research, and developmental disorder diagnosis.

Social Psychology

Focus: How individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts, including interpersonal relationships, group dynamics, and social influence.

Social Cognition and Attitudes

• Implicit Association Test (IAT): Measures unconscious biases and automatic associations.
• Social Desirability Scale: Assesses tendency to respond in socially acceptable ways.

Interpersonal Relationships and Attachment

• Adult Attachment Interview (AAI): Assesses attachment styles and internal working models of relationships.
• Relationship Assessment Scale: Measures relationship satisfaction and quality.

Group Dynamics and Leadership

• Team Cohesion Inventory: Evaluates group unity and collaborative effectiveness.
• Leadership Style Questionnaires: Assess different approaches to leadership and influence.

Use cases: Relationship counseling, team building, organizational development, and social intervention programs.

Personality Psychology

Focus: Individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Big Five Personality Traits

• NEO-PI-R (Big Five Inventory): Comprehensive assessment of Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.
• Big Five Inventory (BFI): Shorter version measuring the same five major personality dimensions.
• HEXACO-PI-R: Measures six major dimensions adding Honesty-Humility to the Big Five model.

Temperament and Character

• Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): Measures temperament dimensions (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence) and character traits.
• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI): Categorizes personality types based on four dichotomous dimensions.
• Holland Code (RIASEC): Categorizes vocational personality into six types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional.

Specific Personality Traits

• Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI): Measures narcissistic traits and grandiose self-perception.
• Machiavellianism Scale: Assesses manipulative and exploitative interpersonal tactics.

Use cases: Career counseling, personnel selection, clinical assessment, and personal development programs.

Biological Psychology

Focus: The biological bases of behavior, including brain structure and function, neurotransmitters, hormones, and genetic influences on behavior.

Stress and Coping Mechanisms

• Perceived Stress Scale (PSS): Measures the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful.
• Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE): Assesses different ways people respond to stress.

Physiological Responses and Biofeedback

• Biofeedback Assessment: Measures physiological responses such as heart rate, muscle tension, and skin temperature.

Use cases: Use cases: Neurological assessment, brain injury evaluation, research on brain-behavior relationships, and understanding biological factors in mental health.

Health Psychology

Focus: Psychological factors in health, illness, and healthcare, including health behaviors and medical compliance.

Health Beliefs and Illness Perceptions

• Health Belief Model (HBM): Assesses perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers to health actions.
• Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ): Measures cognitive and emotional representations of illness.

Stress and Coping

• Perceived Stress Scale (PSS): Evaluates the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful.
• Coping Style Questionnaire: Assesses whether individuals use problem-solving, emotional expression, avoidance, or other coping strategies.

Disease- or Symptom-Specific Scales

• Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire, Asthma Management Scale: Assess adherence and self-care in chronic illnesses.

Use cases: Use cases: Hospital-based psychological support, health education, public health research, and interventions.

Educational Psychology

Focus: Learning processes, educational interventions, and academic achievement in educational settings.

Academic Achievement and Motivation

• Learning Motivation Scale, Academic Self-Efficacy Scale: Examine students' enthusiasm, goal orientation, and beliefs about their abilities.
• Test Anxiety Scale: Assess anxiety levels in exam situations.

Learning Strategies and Styles

• Learning Strategies Questionnaire (LSQ): Explore rehearsal, elaboration, and metacognitive strategies.
• Multiple Intelligence Test (based on Gardner's theory): Identify strengths in linguistic, logical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, and other areas.

Learning Disabilities and Special Education

• Dyslexia screeners: Identify reading and decoding difficulties that require structured literacy support.
• Dyscalculia screeners: Assess number sense and arithmetic difficulties that affect math learning.
• Dysgraphia screeners: Evaluate handwriting and written-expression difficulties.
• Formal psychoeducational assessment (e.g., WISC-V, WIAT): Conducted by qualified professionals for identification and individualized education planning.

Use cases: School counseling, educational research, teaching method improvements, academic interventions.

Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychology

Focus: Workplace behavior, employee performance, organizational culture, and human resource management.

Job Satisfaction Questionnaires

• Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ): Evaluate employees' attitudes toward various job facets.

Leadership and Team Dynamics

• Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ): Examines consideration vs. task-orientation leadership.
• Team Cohesion Index: Measures group dynamics and collaboration effectiveness.

Organizational Climate and Culture

• Organizational Culture Inventory, Perceived Organizational Support Scales: Employees' perceptions of fairness, value alignment, and emotional support.
• Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI): Assesses emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment.

Use cases: HR decision-making,Employee selection, performance management, organizational development, and workplace intervention programs.

Sport Psychology

Focus: Psychological aspects in sports and exercise, covering motivation, stress, confidence, team interaction, etc.

Motivation and Goal Setting

• Sport Motivation Scale (SMS): Measures intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sports contexts.
• Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI): Assesses problematic exercise behaviors and addiction-like symptoms in athletes.: This inventory helps identify when athletic training crosses the line from healthy dedication to potentially harmful compulsive behavior.

Team Cohesion and Leadership (overlaps with Social/Organizational Psychology)

• Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ), or Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS): Group dynamics in sports teams.

Anxiety and Self-Confidence

• Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT / CSAI-2): Evaluates pre-performance anxiety levels.
• Self-Confidence in Sports: Looks at how belief in one's ability affects performance.

Use cases: Athletic counseling, fitness program guidance, research on performance and mental training.

Clinical and Counseling Psychology

Focus: Mental health, diagnosis of psychological disorders, therapy, and intervention outcome assessments.

Mood and Emotional Disorders

These scales help identify and assess the severity of common emotional and behavioral problems.

Depression

• Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II): Self-report measure for assessing depression symptom severity.
• Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9): Widely used depression screening tool.
• Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS): Self-administered questionnaire for measuring depression severity.
• Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS): Screening tool for postnatal depression.
• Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Depression assessment specifically designed for older adults.
• Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS-11): Brief screening tool designed for assessing depression symptoms in adolescents.
• Major Depression Inventory (MDI): Self-report mood questionnaire that can be used for screening and measuring depression severity.
• Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS): Clinician-rated scale for measuring the severity of depressive episodes.

Anxiety

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7): Widely used 7-item self-report scale for screening and measuring the severity of generalized anxiety disorder.
• Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS): Widely used tool for measuring anxiety.
• Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A): Clinician-rated comprehensive anxiety symptoms scale.
• Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS): Assessment tool specifically for social phobia.
• Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN): Another self-rating scale for social anxiety.
• Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ): Assessment tool that captures excessive worry patterns.
• Short Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-18): Assessment tool for health-related anxiety.
• Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS): Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS): Specialized tool for assessing anxiety symptoms in children.
• Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS): Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS): Classic tool for assessing general anxiety levels and anxiety tendencies.

Bipolar / Manic Episodes

• Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale (ASRM): Brief self-report scale for assessing manic symptoms.
• Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS): Assesses the severity of manic episodes.

Eating Disorders

• Binge Eating Scale (BES): Assesses the severity of binge eating behaviors.
• Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26): Screens for eating disorder symptoms and behaviors.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

• Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1): Screens for adult ADHD symptoms.
• Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scale (VADRS): Comprehensive tool for assessing ADHD symptoms and functional impairment in children.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)

OCPD is a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control.

• Pathological Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Scale (POPS): A self-report measure designed to assess maladaptive traits associated with OCPD.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

Tools for screening autism spectrum characteristics in children and adults.

• Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ):
  Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ): Assesses autistic traits in adults.
• Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ):
  Brief parent or teacher-completed screening tool for children/adolescents covering social interaction difficulties and stereotyped behaviors.
• Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST):
  Originally Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test, screens for autism features in school-age children through parent or caregiver responses.
• Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC):
  Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC): Early screening tool for autism spectrum disorders in young children.
• Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT):
  Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT): Screening tool for autism in toddlers.
• Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale (RAADS-14):
  Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale (RAADS-14): Brief screening tool focusing on affective, social, and sensorimotor symptoms, often used for older children, adolescents, and adults.

Aggression

• Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire: Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ): Comprehensive tool measuring anger, hostility, and physical/verbal aggression.

Use Case: Initial screening, clinical assessment, treatment monitoring, and research applications. These tools provide standardized assessment methods for mental health professionals.

Severe Psychopathology

These instruments capture broader psychiatric syndromes and more complex conditions, including psychosis, PTSD, and addictive behaviors.

Broad Psychiatric Symptom Inventories

• Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90): Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90): Comprehensive psychopathology screening tool that assesses nine symptom dimensions.
• Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI): Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI): Widely used personality and psychopathology assessment tool.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

• Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R): Measures psychological impact of traumatic events.
• Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II): Assesses dissociative symptoms related to trauma.
• Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG): Measures complicated grief symptoms.
• Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD-5): Brief PTSD screening tool for primary care settings.
• Shutdown Dissociation Scale (SHUT-D): Assesses shutdown dissociation responses.
• Trauma-Related Shame Inventory (TRSI-24): Measures trauma-related shame.

Addiction / Substance or Behavioral Dependencies

• Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS): Assesses shopping addiction behaviors.
• CAGE Alcohol Questionnaire (CAGE): Brief alcohol screening tool.
• Diagnostic Screen for Gambling Disorders (NODS-CLiP): Screens for gambling disorders.
• Excessive Gaming Screening Tool (EGST): Assesses problematic gaming behaviors.
• Internet Addiction Assessment (IAA): Evaluates internet addiction symptoms.
• Internet Addiction Test (IAT): Assesses problematic internet use.
• Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST): Screens for sexual addiction behaviors.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

• Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R): Assesses the severity of obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.

Use Case: Broad differential diagnosis, specialized screening for trauma, addictive disorders, or OCD in severe clinical cases. Often used in tandem with professional interviews and other diagnostic procedures.

Therapeutic Intervention Effectiveness

Tools for assessing therapy or counseling outcomes, including subjective well-being, functional recovery, and other intervention measures.

Subjective Well-Being

• Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS): Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS): Brief scale assessing an individual's overall satisfaction with life.
• Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): Tool for measuring positive and negative emotional states.

Functional Recovery

• Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS): Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS): Tool for assessing functional impairment in work and social life.

Other Intervention Measures

• Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS): Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS): Clinician-rated scale for depression severity.
• Clinical Global Impression (CGI): Clinical Global Impression (CGI): Tool for assessing clinical improvement before and after treatment.

Use Case: Therapeutic intervention effectiveness assessment tools are widely used in psychotherapy, medication, and comprehensive intervention effectiveness evaluation.

Use Cases:

• Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis: Mental health professionals use these tools for initial screening, diagnostic confirmation, and symptom severity assessment.
• Treatment Monitoring and Outcome Assessment: Track treatment progress, evaluate intervention effectiveness, and adjust treatment plans based on objective data.
• Therapy Outcome Evaluation: Regular assessment of therapeutic progress helps clinicians adjust treatment plans and demonstrate effectiveness to patients and healthcare systems.
• Crisis Intervention Assessment: Crisis intervention and emergency mental health services require rapid assessment tools to evaluate immediate risk and determine appropriate interventions.