Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS)

About This Scale

The Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale was developed by Janet Taylor (later Janet Taylor Spence) as part of her doctoral dissertation at Yale University. It was designed to measure manifest anxiety as a personality trait rather than a temporary state. The scale was derived from items on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).

Scientific Background

The TMAS was widely used in anxiety research during the 1950s-1970s and played an important role in early studies of anxiety and performance. It measures trait anxiety - a relatively stable tendency to respond with anxiety across situations. While newer measures like the STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) have become more popular, the TMAS remains historically significant in psychological assessment.

Understanding Your Results

Scores range from 0 to 50. Higher scores indicate higher levels of manifest anxiety. Generally, scores above 20-25 may suggest elevated anxiety levels. This scale is provided for educational purposes and should not be used for clinical diagnosis. If you are experiencing significant anxiety, please consult a qualified mental health professional.

References

• Taylor, J. A. (1953). A personality scale of manifest anxiety. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 48(2), 285-290.
• Taylor, J. A. (1955). The Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale. In J. M. Butler & G. L. Haigh (Eds.), Validity of personality assessments (pp. 1-12). New York: Free Press.